Let's discuss taxation, retirement, and social rights for long-term immigrants in Eritrea and Sudan.
Eritrea and Sudan present unique challenges. Let's begin with taxation.
In Eritrea, what's the tax situation like?
Eritrea's system relies heavily on contributions from Eritreans abroad, with a 2% income tax. For those residing in Eritrea, income tax rates are progressive but generally low, though economic opportunities are limited.
So, the issue isn't necessarily the tax rate but the availability of income to tax?
Precisely. Sudan faces different obstacles. Tax reforms are underway, but implementation is inconsistent due to political instability and a significant informal economy.
Making tax collection difficult, to say the least. What about retirement benefits for immigrants?
Formal retirement benefits are limited in both countries. In Eritrea, self-reliance and family support are crucial. Sudan's formal social security system is underdeveloped.
So, substantial personal savings and strong family networks are essential for a secure retirement in both countries. What about access to social services like healthcare and education?
Both countries offer some basic services, but access can be limited due to resource constraints and bureaucratic hurdles. Immigrants often face lower priority.
Legal protections exist, but enforcement can be weak, and discrimination may occur.
That's correct. Long-term immigration in Eritrea and Sudan requires resilience, resourcefulness, and optimism.
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